Brief
Students should:
Demonstrate an ability to identify key information and issues from core lectures.
Analyse visual and textual material.
Show an understanding of the relationship between issues covered by drawin parallels and making connections.
Start to develope independent learning skills by researching core ideas further.
This should be a record for yourself of the information covered and should include your responses and reflections on the topics.
This might be in the form of evidence of further exploration of a particular idea/theme/artist and might include a record of further reading or research of associated artworks.
From your file select 4 items or sections, which will be assessed by a course tutor. Each section should focus on a text, an artwork, or an argument and develop it to show your ability to make connections between separate lectures, different periods, different artists, text and artworks.
Each section should consist of around 250 words written by you, but might also contain annotated notes, texts, articles, images.
Your analysis should be critical rather than descriptive- something which considers the questions behind the facts rather than the facts themselves eg. Why brogue decided to use a certain technique not just that he did; and why this was significant at the time he was working.
* 1000 words divided into four 250 word sections on different subjects.
* All notes and paper handouts.
Deadline: 07/01/2013.
S1; Surrealism.
Surrealism was born in the early 1920s, it was best known for its writings and visual artworks.
The movement 'surrealism' was developed from dada activities during the world war 1 and mainly based in Paris. They wanted to contribute something different and unseen to the artworld.
Later surrealism spread global and effected the visual arts, film, literature and music of many countries, this also impacted politics and social theory.
The concept of this style of art was familiar objects painted or drawn realistically (such as details and shadows) and placed in odd arrangements to look dreamlike or beyond real.
Salvador Dali is one of the artists that contributed to this movement and is a personal favourite of mine.
Surrealists were about freeing the mind of rational thought and drawing or painting what was buried deep in their minds.
Surrealism was about surprise, non sequitur and unexpected juxtapositions.
Some believe they have come from dreams and nightmares. Many of the artworks include animals which have been changed to look unrealistic such as elephants with long legs.
I own a copy of this myself because I think his work is so visually interesting.
The viewer will see that some parts of the image is visually correct but is also painted in a dreamlike way.
The persistence of memory 1931 - Salvador Dali
This is one of his most famous works, the melting clocks gives the painting a beyond real look.
Again the image is visually interesting and makes the viewer want to keep looking.
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002045F/surrealism.htm
www.metmuseum.org/Toah/hd_surr.htm
www.surrealism.co.uk/
S2; Cubism.
1907-1911
Cubism was created in response to the changing world and the tired traditions of western art. This style was developed by two individual artists named Pablo Picasso and Georges broques.
They rejected the concept that art should copy nature and challenged the art world with their new perspective.
Picasso and broques wanted to emphasize two-dimension on one canvas and did so by using geometric forms. This idea was to develop a new way of seeing.
Photography and other such technology became a problem for artists as it began replacing paintings and so they needed to create a different approach to art.
Their key characteristics of cubism was conceptual, multiple points of view, distortion or deformation of known figures and forms, passage of overlapping and geometric components.
Picasso and broque inspiration came from the later paintings of Paul cezanne such as 'bibemus quarry' 1895.
Bibemus quarry 1895- Paul Cezanne.
Cezanne created illusions of depth and also abandoned the tradition of perspective drawing. His particular interest was abstract, construction and arrangement of colour and so this is what appealed to cubist painters.
Violin and jug 1910- Georges Braque
Still life with a bottle of rum 1911- Pablo Picasso
This is a good example of cubists work, this really shows how they paint with geometric shapes and viewpoints. This along with some of picasso's work is visually interesting and makes the viewer curious to look at painting longer.
Later the two cubists became too similiar and very predictable and so Pablo Picasso experimented with different techniques to revitalise his own style. Picasso explored the techniques of collage onto real surfaces such dining chairs etc. This opened a new door for Synthetic cubists.
Still life with chair caning 1912- Pablo Picasso
www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd_cube.htm
www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art.../cubism.htm
art history.about.com > ... > Art history > Modern Art History
S3; Dada.
Dada began in zurich refuge during the time of world war one, many people of both Germany and France we're outraged about the war taking place and in the act of protest began the dada art movement.
Tristan Tzara was a poet and the founder of dada, he first wrote the dada texts such as Vingt-cinq poemes (1918; "twenty-five poems") and also the movements manifestos.
George grosz said he was protesting "against this world of mutual destruction."
Many agreed it was not art, it was anti- art and was against everything art stood for and they did the opposite.
Another Dadaist 'Hugo Ball' said "For us, art is not an end in itself... But it is an opportunity for true perception and criticism of the times we live in."
They used many techniques, one of which was photomontage made from real photos printed in the press to express their views on events.
Max Ernst used paper clippings from actual events of world war to illustrate the hurt and destruction that it is causing.
The art critic 1919-1920- Raoul Hausmann
An example of the type of techniques they used during that time.
The concept of dada is to show absurdity, fun and also to offend the world in protest. Looking at the image the viewer understands the political statement it is trying to portray.
They used many shock tactics to sabotage the expectations of its viewers on art and one of which was Marcel Duchamp during 1930.
L.H.O.O.Q 1930 (mona lisa) - Marcel Duchamp
He was quite the rebel and drawn a mustashe on an already made painting of the Mona Lisa. He began the idea of 'readymades'Such as 'The Fountain' which was signed R. Mutt, His absurd artworks really made people question what is art?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dada
http://arthistory.about.com/cs/arthistory10one/a/dada.htm
S4; Impressionism.
Impressionism originated from Paris during the 19th century.
The main characteristics of Impressionism is the brush strokes and the thick layer of paint applied to the canvas.
They kept with the traditional concept of natural forms and many took to the outdoors painting things such as oceans, trees and fields etc.
Impressionists liked to paint what they saw and was inspired by their surroundings. Before Impressionism the main subject was offen centered and the background didn't seem as important but impressionist said everything is important and work similar to the style of photography making everything in focus.
They didn't really focus on making things too realistic as it was all about the idea and brush strokes, stepping away from the image usually made the image more visable due to the large amounts of paint which made it hard to see.
Many famous artists contributed to this movement such as Monet, Renoir, Sisley,Pissarro, sargentEdouard Manet (late in his career), Edgar Degas, Berthe Morisot, John Singer Sargent and Mary Cassatt.
Critic louis leroy describe monets work (impression, sunrise) in an article published in theParisian newspaper 'Le Charivari' as 'unfinished.'
This never effected the artists from doing what they loved and some critics found it arrogant.
Impression, sunrise 1872- Claude Monet
This is the image leroy described as 'unfinished.'
Starry Night Over The Rhone 1988- Vincent Van Gogh
Looking closely at the image you can see the thick layer of paint and small brush strokes which create the theme starry night. Vincent van Gogh also created a similar image to this again using the same technique but really emphasized the sky with nice swirly strokes around the stars.
Impressionists liked to experiment with light and shadows, one in particular was Monet who did many series of a certain theme and changed the colours to see how it effected the image.
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